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Good grammar is essential for taking the IELTS exam.

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• Learn Basic English Grammar Pdf
• Basic English Grammar Pdf Download

Grammar is not tested directly in this exam, so you might be surprised to hear this.

But it is true: Proper English grammar is very important for getting a high IELTS score!

Even though there is no part of the IELTS that focuses only on grammar, you will need to study grammar to get on the path to exam success.

Grammar helps you make progress in all the four skills, reading, writing, listening and speaking.

You’ll be able to feel your progress in speaking and writing mainly, because this is where you will actively use grammar structures to express your ideas. However, knowing grammar will also help you understand language, both in reading and in listening, because you’ll become more familiar with grammar structures and will understand what others want to say right away.

The best way to improve your grammar is to study each rule one by one, read some examples, make your own examples and then practice each rule by doing exercises.

We selected some important grammar rules for you to learn so that you feel more confident in the IELTS exam. Each rule is followed by examples and a short exercise. Once you’ve done the exercises, you can check with the answer key at the end of the post.

1. The Simple Aspect

We use the simple aspect to talk about general, permanent or repeated actions.

Here, the present simple is used to refer to a general, habitual action:

I often readbusiness magazines online.

In the above example, it is implied that you read these magazines online all the time. This is something you do regularly.

We use the continuous aspect to focus on progressive actions that usually happen around the moment of speaking.

Here, the present continuous is used to refer to an action that is happening at the moment of speaking:

I am reading an interesting book.

The same rule applies to all the verb tenses, past, present and future. If you want to focus on the continuity of the action, use the continuous aspect. If you are more interested in the result of the action, then use the simple aspect.

Why is this useful for IELTS?

In IELTS Speaking Part 1 you have to answer questions about yourself.

You will need to make sure you use the right verb tense and the right aspect—simple or continuous—depending on what you want to say. If you want to talk about general things that you do regularly, then you need the present simple. If, however, you want to refer to actions that are temporary and happen around the moment of speaking, then you need the present continuous.

You may also need this grammar rule in Writing Part 1 when describing trends shown in graphs or charts. You are probably going to use the past simple quite a lot because in this part you report on situations that happened in the past.

Examples:

Between January and March, the profit roseby 10%.

They producedtwice the amount of cars in June.

Hungary accounted for 10% of the students involved in the competition.

Let’s practice this rule by putting the verbs in the right tense and aspect:

1. I ___(exercise) every other day, but I ___(not like) going to sports competitions.

2. The graphs ___(show) how the total number of students ___(change) in the past 5 years.

3. I ___(do) an internship this spring, so I ___(not want) to take another job just yet.

4. Alan ___(watch) a movie when I ___(arrive).

2. The Simple Past and Present Perfect Verb Tenses

When using the past tense, we see these past actions as having no connection with the present. They belong to the past, so we use the past tense to express them.

I ate my breakfast with Tony and then we saw a movie.

The action above happened in the past. There is no connection with the present, so we use the simple past.

If, however, the action happened in the past but it has some kind of impact on the present, or if it continues into the present, we need to use the present perfect.

I haven’t eaten breakfast yet, I’m starving. Eminem complete discography free download.

The above is present perfect because it is a past action but it has an obvious impact on the present, the speaker is now hungry.

I have been waitinghere since 10 a.m.

The above is present perfect because the action started in the past but is continuing into the present, when the speaker is still waiting.

Why is this useful for IELTS?

In the IELTS speaking test you may have to talk about different events from the past, either about yourself or about other matters. Decide if the actions are still relevant in the present, if they still have an impact or not.

You have more time to make this decision when you are writing than when speaking, but if you practice this rule you’ll be able to think faster.

Have a look at the following sentences and decide whether to use the past or the present perfect:

5. I ___(start) studying for the IELTS exam two months ago but I still ___(not decide) whether to move to Australia.

6. According to the bar chart, more women than men ___(take) the course last year.

7. Entertainment ___(change) a lot since people ___(start) using the Internet every day.

3. The Passive Voice

The passive voice can be used whenever you want to sound more formal and impersonal.

You form the passive voice by using the verb “to be” in the tense you want, plus the past participle (the third form of the verb; for example, for the verb “write” you would use “written”).

Examples:

Almost 50% more courses were chosen in the second semester as compared to the first one. (the passive voice is used here, with the past tense of the verb “to be” and the past participle of the verb “choose”).

More research needs to be done before choosing a certain supplier. (“do” is used in the passive voice in the infinitive, with the verb “be” used in the infinitive and the past participle of the verb “do”).

Why is this useful for IELTS?

You can use the passive voice in both writing tasks in the IELTS exam, particularly in reports where a more formal tone is needed.

Now try using the verbs in parentheses in the right passive voice form. These are examples you could use in your own formal reports!

8. As can ___(see) from the figures, the number of first year students decreased dramatically in the last five years.

9. As ___(show) in the diagram, there was a marked increase in the number of students driving their own cars to school.

10. More language courses ___(choose) by students in the second semester.

4. Modal Verbs

You can use modal verbs when you want to express different nuances like degrees of certainty.

• Could, might and may are modal verbs and can be used to refer to possible but uncertain actions in the future, with might being slightly less certain than may.

Examples:

We could be late if we stop for drinks now.

I may want to spend my holiday in Europe, but everything depends on my partner.

We might want to move to a different class if the problem persists.

• Could have, might have and may have are used to express possible actions in the present or past—you are suggesting that these actions are or were possible, or that they are or were completed.

Examples:

They could have left hours ago.

It’s almost midnight in Spain, the plane might have landed by now.

I may have mentioned your name to my colleague.

• Can is used to make general possible statements about the present, while could is used as the past of can with this meaning.

Examples:

My boss can be very demanding at times.

Students can be difficult to motivate in evening classes.

My boss could be very demanding when I first got hired.

Students could be difficult to motivate when I was an inexperienced teacher.

• Can’t (cannot) is used to express impossibility.

Example:

These conclusions can’t be right.

• Must is used when we are sure something is true and must have is used with the same meaning for the past.

Examples:

There must be a better explanation for why they haven’t arrived yet.

They must have changed their marketing strategy to afford such good prices.

Why is this useful for IELTS?

In the IELTS exam, you may find modal verbs in reading and in listening and if you get their meaning right you stand a better chance of getting that part of the test right.

In speaking you may want to use them in Part 3 when extending the discussion from yourself to other aspects the examiner might ask you about. Modal verbs can be used to express probability when making generalizations and talking more abstractly.

Now try practicing them by filling in the gaps with the right modal verbs studied above:

11. This ___(not be) your phone, I know you had a different ringtone.

12. It ___(be) Donna at the door, she called to say she is sick.

13. They ___(change) their plans, but they haven’t said anything to me.

5. The Definite Article

The definite article (the), as the name suggests, is used for talking about people or things that are known to the speaker, already mentioned earlier, described in some detail or unique.

Examples:

Can you turn the TV on? (The speaker knows which TV they are talking about.)

We are not going by car. The car is not big enough for all of us. (The car has already been mentioned, so we know what car the speaker is referring to.)

The gift they brought was a bit inappropriate. (We know what gift the speaker is talking about.)

I can’t open the door, as I don’t have the key. (The key is unique.)

• Thecan also be used with superlatives, ordinal numbers, countries that have plurals in them or that include the words “republic” or “kingdom.”

Examples:

This is the best movie I’ve seen in a while. (superlative)

This is the second time I’ve met him today. (ordinal number)

The Czech Republic is one of my favorite country in Europe. (country that includes the word “republic”)

Why is this useful for IELTS?

In the IELTS Writing exam, leave a few minutes at the end to proofread for grammar mistakes. If you’re still having doubts whether you are using the correctly, try practicing in writing first and then in speaking, as you have more thinking time to decide if you should use the or not. It’s easy to erase it in case you decide that the person or thing is in fact undefined, new or not specified.

To practice making this decision, use the or nothing in the following gaps:

14. I don’t like ___ romantic comedies, I prefer ___ thrillers, but I like ___ one you suggested last week.

15. Moving to ___ United States was a big decision, but not ___ best they took.

16. ___ employees don’t like it when their bonuses are being cut.

6. Comparing Adjectives

You should use adjectives as often as you can to describe people or things because they prove you have a wide range of vocabulary in speaking and writing. You may need to compare them using comparatives or superlatives, depending on what you are trying to say. There are a few rules you need to keep in mind:

• Most one syllable adjectives take -er and -est at the end to form the comparative and the superlative.

Examples:

My plan is safer than yours.

This is the safest plan of them all.

• Two-syllable adjectives can form the comparative and superlative either by adding -erand -estor by using moreand the most. In most cases, both forms can be used.

Examples:

This is a simpler version of what I’ve just said.

I’ve never lifted a heavier bag.

This is the narrowest path I’ve ever walked on.

His was the most complete answer I got.

• Adjectives of three or more syllables use more and the most to form the comparative and the superlative.

Examples:

I’ve never heard a more beautiful song.

This is the most interesting story I’ve ever read.

Pay special attention to irregular adjectives that don’t follow the rules above:

good ⇒ better ⇒ the best

bad ⇒ worse ⇒ the worst

far ⇒ farther ⇒ the farthest

little ⇒ less ⇒ least

In the IELTS exam you may want to use adjectives to prove your wide range of vocabulary, but pay attention to spelling while taking the writing test.

• Adjectives ending in consonant +y: The y changes to an i when adding -er or -est.

Examples:

Shiny ⇒ shinier ⇒ shiniest

Icy ⇒ icier ⇒ iciest

• Adjectives ending in e: The e is dropped when adding -er or -est.

Examples:

Polite ⇒ politer ⇒ politest

Gentle ⇒ gentler ⇒ gentlest

• Adjectives ending in a consonant with a single vowel preceding it, double the consonant when adding -er or -est.

Examples:

Big ⇒ bigger ⇒ biggest

Red ⇒ redder ⇒ reddest

Sad ⇒ sadder ⇒ saddest

Have a look at the following sentences and fill in the gaps with the correct comparative or superlative form:

17. This is the ___(fast) route to our destination.

18. The salad your mom makes is ___(delicious) than this one.

19. His report is ___(comprehensive) than I expected it to be.

7. Watch Out for Frequent Spelling Mistakes

Here’s a list of frequent spelling mistakes students make. Make sure you understand the rule behind each mistake so that in the IELTS Writing exam you don’t make these mistakes!

• Double l in adverbs. Normally, you can add –lyto many adjectives and turn them into adverbs. For example, interesting becomes the adverb interestingly. However, if the adjective ends in l already, then its adverb will have a double l:

Examples:

Beautiful ⇒ beautifully

• Adding -ing and -ed to verbs. If the verb ends in an -e, then the -e is dropped before you add -ing or -ed:

Examples:

Live ⇒ living ⇒ lived

Fake ⇒ faking ⇒ faked

• If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant pattern of letters, then we double the final consonant when adding -ing or -ed:

Examples:

Plan ⇒ planning ⇒ planned

Stop ⇒ stopping ⇒ stopped

• If the verb ends in -ie, we change it to –ying when adding -ing:

Examples:

Lie ⇒ lying

Die ⇒ dying

Now have a look at the following sentences and correct the spelling mistakes if you find any. Some sentences are correct.

20. I have never studyied Geography and I regret it.

21. They’ve been planing to visit, but never got the chance to do it.

22. The clock stopped working hours ago.

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23. I’ve been listenning to this lecture for one hour and I still don’t get the point of it.

24. The little girl is tying her shoelaces.

25. He was fixing his bike when I got there.

These are just a few basic grammar rules you need to know to get a higher IELTS score. Remember that just doing IELTS tests is usually not enough. You need to improve your general level of English to notice progress.

The best part about learning grammar is that you feel more confident in all the four skills—reading, writing, listening and speaking.

Before you leave, check out the answer key below to see how your answers were!

Answer Key

1. exercise, don’t like
2. shows, changed
3. am doing, don’t want
4. was watching, arrived
5. started, haven’t decided
6. took
7. has changed, started
8. be seen
9. (is) sown
10. were chosen
11. can’t be
12. can’t be
13. might have changed
14. -, -, the
15. the, the
16. –
17. fastest
18. more delicious
19. more comprehensive
20. studied
21. planning
22. correct
23. listening
24. correct
25. correct

Learn Basic English Grammar Pdf

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4th. - 2014 - 574 с. 3rd. ed. - Longman, 2006 - 552 с.2nd. ed. - Longman, 1996 - 482 с.

Basic English Grammar by Betty Azar, Third Edition is a developmental skills text for students of English as a second or foreign language. Serving as both a reference and a workbook, it introduces students to the form, meaning, and usage of basic structures in English. It provides ample practice through extensive and varied written and oral exercises. This third edition’s range of contents provides a solid core of basic English grammar for lower-level or beginning students. It includes numerous new exercises with, at the end of each chapter, cumulative review exercises that include additional communicative and interactive student-centered tasks. Some of the new features of this edition include: - Greatly increased speaking practice through extensive use of pair and group work - The addition of structure-focused listening exercises throughout - More activities that provide 'real communication' opportunities in the real-time, real-place context in the classroom - Available with Answer Key - New separate BEG Workbook devoted solely to self-study exercise -Original quality- (complete) 554-pages.

Basic English Grammar Pdf Download

Описание: 'Первое издание учебного пособия было издано в 1996 году, но можно с уверенностью сказать, что до сих пор это один из лучших учебников для начинающих изучать английский. В начале каждого топика прилагается грамматический материал. Великолепнейшие схемы и таблицы. После грамматической части идут упражнения с интересными забавными картинкам

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Все книги этой серии / The Azar Grammar Series

Basic English grammar. Betty Azar
Fundamentals of English Grammar. Betty Azar
Understanding and Using English Grammar. Betty Azar

CONTENTS
Preface to the Fourth Edition ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1 USING BE 1
1-1 Singular pronouns + be 2
1-2 Plural pronouns + be 4
1-3 Singular nouns + be 6
1-4 Plural nouns + be 8
1-5 Contractions with be 11
1-6 Negative with be 13
1-7 Be + adjective 16
1-8 Be + a place 21
1-9 Summary: basic sentence patterns with be 24
Chapter 2 USING BE AND HAVE 28
2-1 Yes/no questions with be 28
2-2 Short answers to yes/no questions 30
2-3 Questions with be: using where 32
2-4 Using have and has 34
2-5 Using my, your, her, his, our, their 39
2-6 Using this and that 45
2-7 Using these and those 48
2-8 Asking questions with what and who + be 52
Chapter 3 USING THE SIMPLE PRESENT 59
3-1 Form and basic meaning of the simple present tense 59
3-2 Frequency adverbs 62
3-3 Position of frequency adverbs 65
3-4 Spelling and pronunciation of final -es 67
3-5 Adding final -s/-es to words that end in -y 69
3-6 Irregular singular verbs: has, does, goes 70
3-7 Like to, -want to, need to 74
3-8 Simple present tense: negative 76
3-9 Simple present tense: yes/no questions 82
3-10 Simple present tense: asking information questions with where and what 86
3-11 Simple present tense; asking information questions witfi when and what time 89
Chapter 4 USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 96
4-1 Be + -ing: the present progressive 96
4-2 Spelling of -ing 100
4-3 Present progressive: negatives 102
4-4 Present progressive: questions 105
4-5 Simple present tense vs. the present progressive 110
4-6 Non-action verbs not used in the present progressive 116
4-7 See, look at, watch, hear, and listen to 118
4-8 Think about and think that 121
Chapter 5 TALKING ABOUT THE PRESENT 125
5-1 Using it to talk about time 125
5-2 Prepositions of time 127
5-3 Using it and what to talk about the weather 130
5-4 There + be 133
5-5 There + be: yes/no questions 135
5-6 There + be: asking questions with how many 137
5-7 Prepositions of place 138
5-8 More prepositions of place: a list 142
5-9 Would like 149
5-10 Would like vs. like 151
Chapter 6 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS 159
6-1 Nouns: subjects and objects 159
6-2 Nouns as objects of prepositions 161
6-3 Adjectives with nouns 164
6-4 Subject pronouns and object pronouns 166
6-5 Nouns: singular and plural forms 170
6-6 Nouns: irregular plural forms 174
6-7 Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs 178
6-8 Possessive nouns 181
6-9 Questions with -whose 185
6-10 Possessive; irregular plural nouns 187
Chapter 7 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS , . . . 191
7-1 Nouns: count and noncount 191
7-2 Using a vs. an 196
7-3 Using a/an vs. some , . . . . 198
7-4 Measurements with noncount nouns 204
7-5 Using many, much, a few, a little 208
7-6 Using the 211
7-7 Using 0 (no article) to make generalizations 215
7-8 Using some and any 217
Chapter 8 EXPRESSING PAST TIME, PART 1 224
8-1 Using be; past time . , 224
8-2 Simple past tense of be: negative 226
8-3 Past of be: questions 227
8-4 Simple past tense: using -erf 232
8-5 Past time words: yesterday, last, and ago 235
8-6 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 1) 239
8-7 Simple past tense; negative 243
8-8 Simple past tense: yes/no questions 246
8-9 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 2) 251
8-10 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 3) 254
8-11 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 4) 257
Chapter 9 EXPRESSING PAST TIME, PART 2 265
9-1 Simple past tense: using where, why, when, and what time 265
9-2 Questions with what 269
9-3 Questions with who and whom » 272
9-4 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 5) 277
9-5 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 6) 279
9-6 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 7) 282
9-7 Before and after in time clauses 284
9-8 When in time clauses 287
9-9 Present progressive and past progressive 289
9-10 Using -while with past progressive 293
9-11 Simple past tense vs. past progressive , 294
Chapter 10 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME, PART 1 303
10-1 Future time: using be going to 303
10-2 Using present progressive to express future time 307
10-3 Words used for past time and future time 309
10-4 Using a couple of от a few with ago (past) and in (future) 314
10-5 Using today, tonight, and this + morning, afternoon, evening, week, month, year 317
10-6 Future time: using will 319
10-7 Asking questions with will 321
10-8 Verb summary: present, past, and future 325
10-9 Verb summary: forms of be 327
Chapter 11 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME, PART 2 334
11-1 May/might vs. will 334
11-2 Maybe (one word) vs. may be (two words) 337
11-3 Future time clauses with before, after, and when 342
11-4 Clauses with if 346
11-5 Expressing future and habitual present with time clauses and j/-clauses 349
11-6 Using what + a form of do 353
Chapter 12 MODALS, PART 1: EXPRESSING ABILITY 361
12-1 Using can 361
12-2 Pronunciation of сей and can't 364
12-3 Using can: questions . 365
12-4 Using know how to 368
12-5 Using could: past of can 370
12-6 Using fee able to 373
12-7 Using very and too + adjective 376
Chapter 13 MODALS, PART 2: ADVICE, NECESSITY, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS 383
13-1 Using should 384
13-2 Using have + infinitive (have to/has to/had to) 388
13-3 Using must, have to/has to, and should 392
13-4 Polite questions: may I, could I, and can I 396
13-5 Polite questions: could you and wouldyou 397
13-6 Imperative sentences 400
13-7 Modal auxiliaries 403
13-8 Summary chart: modal auxiliaries and similar expressions 404
13-9 Using let's 409
Chapter 14 NOUNS AND MODIFIERS 413
14-1 Modifying nouns with adjectives and nouns 413
14-2 Word order of adjectives 418
14-3 Linking verbs + adjectives 425
14-4 Adjectives and adverbs , 428
14-5 Expressions of quantity; all of, most of, some of, almost all of 431
14-6 Expressions of quantity: subject-verb agreement 433
14-7 Using every, everyone, everybody, everything 436
14-8 Indefinite pronouns: something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody 438
Chapter 15 MAKING COMPARISONS 445
15-1 The comparative: using -er and more 445
15-2 The superlative; using -est and most 452
15-3 Using one of + superlative 4- plural noun 460
15-4 Making comparisons with adverbs 467
15-5 Comparisons: using the same (as), similar (to), and different (from) 470
15-6 Comparisons: using like and alike 473
15-7 Using but 475
15-8 Using verbs after but 476
Appendix 1 English Handwriting 483
Appendix 2 Numbers 484
Appendix 3 Ways of Saying Time 485
Appendix 4 Days/Months/Seasons 486
Appendix 5 Supplementary Charts 487
A5-1 Basic capitalization rules 487
A5-2 Voiceless and voiced sounds for -s endings on verbs 488
A5-3 Final ~ed pronunciation for simple past verbs 488
Listening Script 489
Let's Talk: Answers 501
Answer Key 505
Index 545
Audio CD Tracking List 562

О том, как читать книги в форматах pdf, djvu - см. раздел 'Программы; архиваторы; форматы pdf, djvu и др.'

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